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Adventure fiction is a genre of fiction in which an adventure, an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger, forms the main storyline. == History == Critic Don D'Ammassa, in the Introduction to the ''Encyclopedia of Adventure Fiction'' defines the genre as follows: D'Ammassa argues that adventure stories make the element of danger the focus; hence he argues that Charles Dickens' novel ''A Tale of Two Cities'' is an adventure novel because the protagonists are in constant danger of being imprisoned or killed, whereas Dickens' ''Great Expectations'' is not because "Pip's encounter with the convict is an adventure, but that scene is only a device to advance the main plot, which is not truly an adventure."〔 Adventure has been a common theme since the earliest days of written fiction. Indeed, the standard plot of Medieval romances was a series of adventures. Following a plot framework as old as Heliodorus, and so durable as to be still alive in Hollywood movies, a hero would undergo a first set of adventures before he met his lady. A separation would follow, with a second set of adventures leading to a final reunion. Variations kept the genre alive. From the mid-19th century onwards, when mass literacy grew, adventure became a popular subgenre of fiction. Although not exploited to its fullest, adventure has seen many changes over the years - from being constrained to stories of knights in armor to stories of high-tech espionages. Examples of that period include Sir Walter Scott, Alexandre Dumas, père,〔Green, Martin Burgess. ''Seven Types of Adventure Tale: An Etiology of A Major Genre. Penn State Press, 1991 (p. 71–2).〕 Jules Verne, Brontë Sisters, H. Rider Haggard, Victor Hugo,〔Taves, Brian. ''The Romance of Adventure: The Genre of Historical Adventure Movies'' .University Press of Mississippi, 1993 (p.60)〕 Emilio Salgari, Louis Henri Boussenard, Thomas Mayne Reid, Sax Rohmer, Edgar Wallace, and Robert Louis Stevenson. Adventure novels and short stories were popular subjects for American pulp magazines, which dominated American popular fiction between the Progressive Era and the 1950s.〔Server,Lee. ''Danger is My Business: An Illustrated History of the Fabulous Pulp Magazines.'' Chronicle Books, 1993 (p. 49–60).〕 Several pulp magazines such as ''Adventure'', ''Argosy'', ''Blue Book'', ''Top-Notch'', and ''Short Stories'' specialized in this genre. Notable pulp adventure writers included Edgar Rice Burroughs, Talbot Mundy, Theodore Roscoe, Johnston McCulley, Arthur O. Friel, Harold Lamb, Carl Jacobi, George F. Worts,〔 Georges Surdez, H. Bedford-Jones and J. Allan Dunn.〔Robinson, Frank M. & Davidson, Lawrence. ''Pulp Culture - The Art of Fiction Magazines''. Collectors Press Inc 2007 (p. 33–48).〕 Adventure fiction often overlaps with other genres, notably war novels, crime novels, sea stories, Robinsonades, spy stories (as in the works of John Buchan, Eric Ambler and Ian Fleming), science fiction, fantasy, (Robert E. Howard and J.R.R. Tolkien both combined the secondary world story with the adventure novel)〔Pringle, David. ''The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Fantasy''. London, Carlton p. 33–5〕 and Westerns. Not all books within these genres are adventures. Adventure fiction takes the setting and premise of these other genres, but the fast-paced plot of an adventure focuses on the actions of the hero within the setting. With a few notable exceptions (such as Baroness Orczy, Leigh Brackett and Marion Zimmer Bradley)〔Richard A. Lupoff.''Master of Adventure: the Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs''. University of Nebraska Press, 2005 (p.194,247)〕 adventure fiction as a genre has been largely dominated by male writers, though female writers are now becoming common. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adventure fiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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